• Past Perfect

• 
• You can also use past perfect without past simple for an action that lasted until a specific time in the past, or for an action that happened over a period of time in the past.

  
  

  Tom had lived in Spain until last month.

  (Tom lived in Spain. Last month he moved to a different country.  This action lasted until a specific time.)

  
  

  Tom had lived in Spain for five years.

  (Tom lived in Spain before. He doesn't live in Spain now. This action happened over a period of time.)
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• He had stayed awake until midnight.	I'd had* a terrible day until lunchtime.
  The police had arrested him three times in the past.	Sara had visited Canada many times before.

• *Remember! In past perfect the verb 'had' can be the auxiliary verb AND the main verb.

  I'd had = I had had

Source : Alison