Negative Information Questions (in english language grammar)

• Negative Information Questions

• 
• To form negative information questions, begin with a wh- word, followed by a modal verb in the negative form.  Why is the most common wh- word for this type of question.

  
  

  wh- word + modal verb contraction (modal verb + not) + subject + base verb

  -Why can't you give me a loan?

  
  

  Be careful! When you do not use the contraction form of the modal verb, you must place not after the subject.

  
  

  wh- word + modal verb + subject + not + base verb 

  -Why can you not send me more money?
•  Click on the play button to hear the audio

• Why won't Alex be at work tomorrow?	Why shouldn't I open a new bank account?
  Why could she not withdraw money from the ATM?	What can we not touch at the museum?

 Source : Alison

Unlikely To (in english language grammar)

• Unlikely To

• 
• Unlikely to is an expression of speculation for something that probably won't happen or when we expect that something won’t happen.

  
  

  subject + be + unlikely to + base verb

  
  

  -He is unlikely to continue his work as an accountant now that he has a pilot's license.

  (He will not keep working as an accountant. He is expected to change jobs.)
•  Click on the play button to hear the audio

• The post office is unlikely to be open on Sunday.	The bank is unlikely to cancel your credit card debt.
  I am unlikely to apply for a second loan because of the high interest rates.	They are unlikely to share personal information with someone they don't know.

 Source : Alison

Likely to (in english grammar)

• Likely To

• 
• Likely to is another expression for speculation. Use likely to when we want to say that something will probably happen or when we expect that something will happen.

  
  

  subject + be + likely to + base verb

  
  

  The bank is likely to approve his loan because he has a good credit score.

  (We expect that he will get the loan because he has a good credit score.)
•  Click on the play button to hear the audio

• I am likely to pay the plumber with a check.	The Ravens are likely to win the game tomorrow.
  You are likely to receive a debit card from your bank when you open an account.	The bank is likely to close early today because it is a holiday.

Source : Alison 

Bound to (english language grammar)

 

• Bound To

• 
• Bound to is an expression for speculation. Use bound to when we are very sure that something is true or will happen.

  
  

  subject + be + bound to + base verb

  -Emily is bound to spend too much money this weekend.

  (We are very sure Emily will spend too much money.)

  
  

  You can also use substitute sure to for bound to without a change in meaning.

  -Emily is sure to spend too much money this weekend.

• The train is bound to arrive soon.	You're bound to succeed if you keep trying!
  Jack's bound to have enough money for a house; he's been saving for years.	She's sure to have a low credit score since she never pays her credit card bills.

Source : Alison

 

• Definitely and Probably

• 
• We can also use definitely and probably for deduction or speculation.

  
  

  Use definitely when we are sure something is true.

  -Amy will definitely be on time for work. She left early.

  
  

  Use probably when we think something is true, but we are not sure.

  -I probably won't pay with cash. I prefer to use a credit card.
•  Click on the play button to hear the audio

• The bank definitely charged Emily an overdraft fee.  She spent $200, but only had $50 in her account.	I probably left my credit card at home. It's not in my wallet.
  Max will probably buy a new car next year. He told me he's saving money every month.	Sam definitely won't go to that restaurant again.  He said it was awful.

• Remember! Use definitely and probably before the main verb or after a modal/auxiliary in affirmative sentences. Use them before both the main verb and the modal/auxiliary in negative sentences.

Source : Alison

• Should and Ought To

• 
• We can also use should/ought to as modals of deduction or speculation when we talk about something we expected to happen in the past.
  

  
  

  subject + should/ought to + have + past participle

  -My new debit card should have arrived by now.  It was sent last month.

  
  

  You can also use should/ought to for criticism about past actions.

  -Sam ought to havestudied harder for his final exam because he failed.

  (Sam is criticized for not studying hard enough.)

• Deductions	The ATM should have printed a receipt because I requested one. The bank ought to have called me back this morning. I left a message yesterday.
  Criticism	Jack has a great credit score. The bank shouldn't* have denied his loan application. The bank teller ought to have counted the money before he gave it to me.

• *Remember! Add not after a modal for the negative form.  Should not is more common than ought not to.

 Source : Alison

• Should and Ought To

• 
• Should and ought to also function as modals of deduction or speculation when we talk about something we expect to happen.  Should is more commonly used and is less formal than ought to.

  
  

  subject + should/ought to + base verb

  -Jack should be back from the bank by now. He left an hour ago.

  -Jack ought tobe back from the bank by now. He left an hour ago.
  

  (We expect Jack to be back after being away for a long time.)

  
  

  Remember! You can also use should/ought to for obligations.

• Deduction	I should have my new credit card soon. It was mailed a week ago. The bank ought to be open today. It's normally open on Mondays.
  Obligation	We should pay our credit card debt. The bill is due tomorrow. Those cars ought to stop at the stop sign. It's the law.

Source : Alison 

• Modals of Deduction or Speculation

• 
• Modals of deduction are used when we are sure something is true. 
  

  -They must be rich because they live in an apartment on Fifth Avenue. 
  

  
  

  Modals of speculation: 

  We use must when we think something is true, but we are not sure.

  We use have to when we think something is true and can prove it.

  -They must know each other from before.
  

  -They have to know each other; they went to the same high school.

   

  We use can’t for negative deductions when we are sure that something is not true, or it is impossible. 

  -They can't be home because all the lights are off.
•  Click on the play button to hear the audio

• Modals of Deduction	Jack has five credit cards.  He must have a good credit score.
  Modals of Speculation	There has to be a First Bank branch close by; I see three on the map.
  Negative Deductions	You can't be broke. You just got paid yesterday!

 Source : Alison

• Banking Glossary

• Vocabulary Word	Definition	Example Sentence
  Statement	A document that shows the amounts of money that you have received or spent	My bank statement will prove if you have paid me or not.
  Investment	The act of using money to make more money	His real estate investment is helping him make more money.
  Branch	The physical location of banking corporation	First Bank has six branches around town.
  Payee	A person or organization money is paid to	Always write the name of the payee  on a check.
  Bank fees	A sum of money paid to use the services of a bank	I had to pay a bank fee when I used my credit card abroad.
  Wire/Electronic transfer	A digital way to send  money from one bank to another.	I don't have any cash, so I will send you an electronic transfer.
  Safety deposit box	A special metal box kept in a bank where money and valuable items are stored	She keeps her expensive jewelry in a safety deposit box.

Source : Alison